Vocabulary & Concept Checks

8.1

♥chloroplast: The cellular organelle where photosynthesis takes place
♥chlorophylls: chemical compounds that give these organelles a green color
♥stroma: The inner membrane encloses a thick fluid
♥thylakoids: many disk shaped sacs suspended in the stroma
♥light reations: convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy
♥Calvin cycle: makes sugar from the atoms in carbon dioxide plus the hydrogen ions and the high-energy electrons carried by NADPH




Concept Check



1.






2.The reactants for photosynthesis are carbon diocide and water and products are glucose and oxygen.
3.The two main stages of photosynthesis are light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Both of them uses hydrogen ions and they work in the chloroplast.


8.2

♥wavelength: the distance between two adjacent waves
♥electromagnetic spectrum: The range of types of electromagnetic energy, from the very short wavelengths of gamma rays to the very long wavelengths of radio waves,
♥pigment: a substance's color is due to chemical compounds
♥paper chromatography: Using a laboratory technique
photosystem: Within the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll and other molecules are arranged in clusters

Concept Check
1. A leaf appears green because the material contains pigments which shines when light is given and that is chlorophylls.
2. When chlorophyll a absorbs light, it mainly absorvs blue violet and red light and reflects green light this is like the major role in the light reactions of photosyntheses.
3. The two molecules that are produced by the light reactions besides oxygen are hydrogen ions and NADPH.
4. The light reactions take place in the Thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast.

8.3

Concept Check
1.The inputs are carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH and output is energy-rich sugar molecule.
2.Light reaction uses each reactant from the overall photosynthesis equation. Calvin Cycle generates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation.
3.It is called a cycle because like Krebs cycle in cellular respiration, the starting material is regenerated each time the process occurs.
4. G3P is the direct product of photosynthesis. The plant take it in and make glucose or uses it for other organic molecules.
8.4

♥carbon cycle: the process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back
♥greenhouse effect: keeps the world climate warm enough for living things